Il diavolo nella Divina Commedia di Dante

The picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

27 Gennaio 2019

Perché sono così interessata al diavolo

27 Gennaio 2019

Pubblicato da Luigi Gaudio su 27 Gennaio 2019

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<a href="https://youtu.be/GaVE4sIH-jw">La Divina Commedia, Inferno, Canto 34, vv. 1-69</a></h3> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI8Z5NAsBIQ">E quindi uscimmo a riveder le stelle. Come termina l’Inferno di Dante, XXXIV, 70-139</a></h3> <p><em>A.S. 2001-2002</em></p> <p><em>TESINA PER L’ESAME DI STATO DI LAURA BOSONI</em></p> <p><strong>Inferno dantesco</strong></p> <p><em> Canto XXXIV</em></p> <p>“Vexilla regis prodeunt inferni</p> <p>verso di noi: però dinanzi mira” ,</p> <p>disse ?l maestro mio, ” se tu ?l discerni” .</p> <p>Come quando una grossa nebbia spira,</p> <p>o quando l’emisperio nostro annotta,</p> <p>par di lungi un molin che ?l vento gira,</p> <p>veder mi parve un tal dificio allotta;</p> <p>poi per lo vento mi ristrinsi retro</p> <p>al duca mio, chè non lì era altra grotta.</p> <p>(…)</p> <p>Lo ?mperador del doloroso regno</p> <p>da mezzo ?l petto uscia fuor de la ghiaccia;</p> <p>e più con un gigante io mi convegno,</p> <p>che i giganti non fan con le sue braccia;</p> <p>vedi oggimai quant’esser dee quel tutto</p> <p>ch’a così fatta parte si confaccia.</p> <p>S’el fu sì bel com’elli è ora brutto,</p> <p>e contra ?l suo fattore alzò le ciglia,</p> <p>ben dee da lui procedere ogni lutto.</p> <p>Oh quanto parve a me gran maraviglia</p> <p>quand’io vidi tre facce a la sua testa!</p> <p>L’una dinanzi, e quella era vermiglia;</p> <p>l’altr eran due, che s’aggiugnieno a questa</p> <p>sovresso ?l mezzo di ciascuna spalla,</p> <p>e sé giugnieno al loco de la cresta;</p> <p>e la destra parea tra bianca e gialla;</p> <p>la sinistra a vedere era tal, quali</p> <p>vegnon di là onde ?l Nilo s’avvalla .</p> <p>Sotto ciascuna uscivan due grand’ ali,</p> <p>quanto si convenia a tanto uccello.</p> <p>Vele di mar non vid’io mai cotali.</p> <p>Non avean penne, ma di vipistrello</p> <p>era lor modo: e quelle svolazzava,</p> <p>si che tre venti si movean da ello:</p> <p>quindi Cocito tutto s’aggelava.</p> <p>Con sei occhi piangea, e per tre menti</p> <p>gocciavan ?l pianto e sanguinosa bava.</p> <p>Da ogne bocca dirompea co’ denti</p> <p>un peccatore, a guisa di maciulla,</p> <p>sì che tre ne facea così dolenti.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Parafrasi</strong></p> <p>“<em>Entrati nell’ultima zona del Cocito, Virgilio annuncia solennemente a Dante che le insegne del re dell’Inferno avanzano: agli occhi del poeta appare come una gigantesca macchina, mentre un forte vento lo costringe a ripararsi dietro le spalle del maestro. (…</em><em>) Arrivati, poi, nella quarta zona del nono cerchio ad un tratto Virgilio, che cammina davanti a Dante, si sposta e fermandosi annuncia al sommo poeta di essere giunti al cospetto di Dite, Lucifero. Dante, atterrito, quasi morto per la paura, contempla la mole a dir poco gigantesca di Lucifero, che esce dal ghiaccio da mezzo il petto, orribile a vedersi. L’enorme testa ha tre facce di tre colori diversi, sotto ognuna delle quali escono due smisurate ali da pipistrello, il cui movimento determina il vento che ghiaccia Cocito. Da sei occhi scendono lacrime che si mescolano alla bava sanguinosa che esce dalle tre bocche nelle quali tre peccatori vengono maciullati (si tratta di Giuda, Bruto e Cassio).” </em></p> <p>La figura del Diavolo, qui, ha una sua “grandiosità” nella quale domina proprio la sua tragicità; infatti il poeta sceglie, tra i dati figurativi offertigli dalla tradizione letterale e pittorica, quelli che distinguono Lucifero dai diavoli minori. Nel passo citato è lo stesso Virgilio che per primo presenta Lucifero ( “<em>Avanzano verso di noi i</em> <em>vessilli del re infernale</em>” )e Dante, che lo scorge, ha l’idea di una grande macchina (“<em>dificio</em>” ). Nel passo è chiara l’antitesi con Dio (“<em>quello imperador che là su regna</em>” If I, 24) poiché Lucifero è chiamato “<em>‘mperador del doloroso regno</em>” vedi sopra al v.28). Alla grandiosità si confanno il carattere di Lucifero, l’immensità della sua mole, la meccanicità (infatti Dante lo scambia per una macchina, un artificio all’inizio), l’impassibilità e la staticità. Molti altri scrittori e poeti ci hanno lasciato la loro “versione” della descrizione dell’imperatore dell’Inferno, ma per questo vi rimando alla sezione letteratura.</p> <ul> <li>torna all’indice della tesina <b style="box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box;"> <a style="box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box;" href="https://www.atuttascuola.it/il-diavolo-3/"> Il diavolo</a></b> di Laura Bosoni</li> </ul> <p> </p> </div></div></section> <section class="section mcb-section section-post-footer"> <div class="section_wrapper clearfix"> <div class="column one post-pager"> <div class="mcb-column-inner"> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-post-intro-share"> <div class="section_wrapper clearfix"> <div class="column one"> <div class="mcb-column-inner"> <div class="share-simple-wrapper "><span class="share-label">Condividi</span><div class="icons"><a target="_blank" class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atuttascuola.it%2Fil-diavolo-in-dante%2F"><i class="icon-facebook" aria-label="facebook icon"></i></a><a target="_blank" class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Il+diavolo+nella+Divina+Commedia+di+Dante+-+Risorse+per+la+scuola.+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atuttascuola.it%2Fil-diavolo-in-dante%2F"><i class="icon-x-twitter" aria-label="x twitter icon"></i></a><a target="_blank" class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atuttascuola.it%2Fil-diavolo-in-dante%2F"><i class="icon-linkedin" aria-label="linkedin icon"></i></a><a target="_blank" class="pinterest" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/find/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atuttascuola.it%2Fil-diavolo-in-dante%2F"><i class="icon-pinterest" aria-label="pinterest icon"></i></a></div><div class="button-love"><a href="#" class="mfn-love " data-id="62467"><span class="icons-wrapper"><i class="icon-heart-empty-fa"></i><i class="icon-heart-fa"></i></span><span class="label">0</span></a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section mcb-section section-post-about"> <div class="section_wrapper clearfix"> <div class="column one author-box"> <div class="mcb-column-inner"> <div class="author-box-wrapper"> <div class="avatar-wrapper"> <img data-del="avatar" alt="Luigi Gaudio" data-src='https://www.atuttascuola.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/gaudio_2020-150x150.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-64 photo lazyload' height='64' width='64' src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 64px; 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